Engineering Exposition 2010 Student Research Competition Entries
From Engineering Exposition
Listed below are the entries for the 2010 Engineering Exposition student research competitions.
Contents |
Bioengineering
| Project Title | Names | Category | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analytical methods for determining coherence in the Gamma Band | Tim Horrell | Masters/PhD
Judged | The high frequency (gamma band, 30-80 Hz) electroencephalographic [EEG]) oscillations in response to complex perceptual stimuli reflect various sensory and cognitive processes. Analysis of co-activation (coherence) of functionally connected primary sensory and integrative cortical areas provides useful information about information processing effectiveness. Patients with certain psychopathologies (e.g., autism, schizophrenia) present abnormalities of gamma coherence during cognitive tests. Given the clinical implications of new neuromodulation techniques an analysis protocol which may be applied to quantify and standardize results of gamma reactivity tests is needed. Currently our lab is developing novel computer software programs to isolate oscillations in the gamma frequency band. |
| In-vitro Cell Culture Model of the Myocardium | Thanh Huong Luong | Undergraduate
Judged | To study signaling mechanisms involved in Cardiovascular Diseases, physiologically relevant in vitro models are needed. Using soft-lithography techniques, we have developed a microfluidic system allowing in vitro stimulation of cardiomyocytes by coupling cell function with a circulating fluid loading. Cardiomyocytes are cultured on a thin silicone membrane in a chamber (d=1cm). Downstream of the chamber is a collapsible valve actuated in a pulsatile fashion for differentiating the inside chamber pressures, which in turn, stretching and restoring the membrane to mimic heart pre-loading. A tunable hemostatic valve is also placed downstream of the collapsible valve to mimic the after-load. |
| Non-Invasive Imaged-Based Diagnostic System for Early Diagnosis of Autism | Ahmed Elnakib
Fahmi Khalifa | Masters/PhD
Judged | The importance of accurate early diagnostics of autism that severely affects personal behavior and communication skills cannot be overstated. Neuropathological studies have revealed an abnormal anatomy of the cerebral white matter (CWM) in autistic brains. We explore a possibility of distinguishing between autistic and normal brains by a quantitative shape analysis of CWM gyrifications on 3D proton density MRI (PD-MRI) images. Our approach consists of (i) segmentation of the CWM on a 3D brain image using a deformable 3D boundary; (ii) extraction of gyrifications from the segmented CWM, and (iii) shape analysis to quantify thickness of the extracted gyrifications and classify autistic and normal subjects. The boundary evolution is controlled by two probabilistic models of visual appearance of 3D CWM: the learned prior and the current appearance model. Initial experimental results suggest that the proposed 3D texture analysis is a promising supplement to the current techniques for diagnosing autism. |
Chemical Engineering
| Project Title | Names | Category | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conical Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Large Area Synthesis, Field Emission Characteristics | Santoshrupa Dumpala | Masters/PhD
Judged | Conical carbon nanotube (CCNT) is a new morphological manifestation of carbon nanaotube with a unique structure, tapering from micron-sized base to nanometer scale tips with central hallow core consisting of a multiwalled carbon nanotube. These conical carbon tube arrays are expected to yield dramatically different behavior in terms of both electrochemical and field emission characteristics. Here, we report our recent success with synthesizing these conical carbon tubular arrays over graphite and other metallic foils using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MWCVD) reactor. The field emission characteristics for a CCNT array sample with a tip radius of 5 nm, density of 108/cm2 and having the highest aspect ratio exhibited a low turn-on electric field (< 0.7 V/µm) and a high field enhancement factor (β > 7,500). |
| The Future of Artificial Muscles in Medical Devices | James Lee
Gerold Willing | Masters/PhD
Judged | Several conductive polymers, known as electroactive polymers (EAPs), can undergo unusual mechanical response when an electrical potential is applied, causing an expanding and contracting electromechanical response like muscles. The EAP biocompatibility is essential for its use in medical devices. Hydrogels are biocompatible hydrophilic polymers chiefly structured with cross-linked networks with swelling and shrinking properties. However, the limitation thus far has been in combining electroactive and hydrogel elements together. We are developing these artificial muscles in by combining these elements through multiple synthesis techniques and step-by-step production to provide a strong chance of success in bringing these new materials to development. |
| Kinetic modeling of cellulase deactivation | Zhuoliang Ye | Masters/PhD
Judged | Enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass undergoes a significant decrease in rate and does not reach 100% conversion even after several days. One reason may be attributed to enzyme deactivation which has traditionally been associated with thermal, mechanical, and/or chemical mechanicsms. Evidence of activity loss due to enzyme-substrate interactions is shown here for the first time. By investigating cellulase deactivation following interaction without or with substrate in varied concentrations, it is found that the half life of cellulases decreases from 21.5 hours in buffer solution to 11.0, 7.72, 2.63, 2.13 and 1.37 hours following incubating with cellulose in concentrations of 1.0, 2.0… |
| Nano-light bulb locating breast cancer | Jianting Wang | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | Our research effort is developing a novel, gold nanoparticle based, optical contrast agent for breast cancer detection. The particle contains cancer targeting molecule that guides it specifically to the cancer. A safe fluorophore (light emiting nano-entity) is used as a signal mediator. By smartly utilizing the unique optical property of gold nanoparticle, the fluorescence is turned on only when this nano gold particle targets the cancer, at a highly enhanced level. This novel nano-light bulb can detect cancer with minimal false positive/negative and high sensitivity. |
Civil and Environmental Engineering
No one has registered yet for this field.
Computer Engineering & Computer Science
| Project Title | Names | Category | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|
| An innovative statistical test method for differential proteomics | Fahim Mohammad
Bing Wang | Masters/PhD
Judged | In current proteomics research, a big challenge is to differentiate the correlative proteins for a given biological function from all existing proteins, and if it does, how strong is the relationship between the proteins and function. Statistical significance testing can be used to address this question. However, every traditional method may suffer from the inability to identify important differentially expressed proteins if the biological sample do not completely meet the assumption of each test method. To overcome this inability of existing statistical test methods, we develop an innovative method entitled X-test for the detection of regulated proteins for differential proteomics. A new statistical test method is proposed for differential proteomics. The method is based on three statistical test(KS-test, BM-test and BWS-test) and over-expression and down-expression regression model. The experimental results show that our test can easily find the proteins that have significant variation in two groups of samples. |
| Biometric Facial Recognition of Computer Generated Avatars | Richard Rosenthal | Undergraduate
Exhibition | As virtual worlds, like Second Life and Activeworlds, become more popular and realistic, there is a growing need for the application of real-world security technologies in those worlds. Often in virtual environments, avatars are realistic representations of the world’s users as there is a growing market for turning photos of users into 3D Avatars. The ability to apply accurate biometric facial-recognition algorithms in these realms has many different applications, such as crime prevention, avatar/human interactions, and improving avatar generating software. This study was a comprehensive exploration of a top-rated commercial product designed for the purpose of automatic face-recognition. |
| Combating Click Fraud via Evidence Fusion | Chamila Walgampaya
Mehmed Kantardzic Wael Emara Joung Woo Ryu | Masters/PhD
Judged | In the pay-per-click (PPC) model, Internet content providers are paid for each time an advertisement link on their website is clicked. There is an incentive for dishonest service providers to inflate the number of clicks their sites generate. In addition, dishonest advertisers tend to simulate clicks on their competitors to deplete advertising budgets. Generation of such invalid clicks is known as click fraud (CF). The diversity of CF attack types makes it hard for a single counter measure to attain favorable results. This research focuses on combining multiple measures to provide the PPC system with more effective protection from CF. |
| DOFER: Multimedia Retrieval System | Aleksey Fadeev | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | DOFER (Dominant Feature Retrieval) system is a new approach to interactive multimedia search and browsing. Our system allows users to organize video collections (from online and offline video sources), browse, and retrieve video information based on visual and audio similarities. This is a distinct difference with the majority of modern systems that index multimedia content based on text labels. DOFER is built using a new approach to content representation developed in the Multimedia Lab and called Dominant Features. Based on experiments our approach proved to represent similarity perceived by humans better than existing methods. |
| Flight Simulator game (Demo) using Microsoft XNA Game Studio 3.0 | Darryl D'Souza | Masters/PhD
Judged | This is a demo version of a Flight Simulation game designed using Microsoft XNA Game Studio 3.0 and Microsoft Visual C# 2008.
It has certain interesting and key features such as Artificial Intelligence, Collision Detection and Image Processing. Camera, sound, visual effects as well as score keeping are also implemented to make game playing more interesting. This game currently has only one introductory (demo) level which can be played using either the keyboard or a XBOX 360 controller. |
| Generalized Multi-stream Hidden Markov Models | Oualid Missaoui | Masters/PhD
Judged | For complex classification systems, data is usually gathered from multiple sources of information that have varying degree of reliability. In fact, assuming that the different sources have the same relevance in describing all the data might lead to an erroneous behavior. The classification error accumulates and can be more severe for temporal data where each sample is represented by a sequence of observations. Thus, there is a compelling evidence that learning algorithms should include a relevance weight for each source of information (stream) as a parameter that needs to be learned. |
| Java Applet Game | David Jokinen | Undergraduate
Judged | Showing off a simple Java applet game that is rough clone of Roller Coaster Tycoon(without the roller coasters) that gets all its resources from the internet, focusing on high performance while using Java 2d, and can handle a very large number of simple AI. |
| Kentucky Space High Altitude Balloon Mission to Gather Troposhperic Comet Dust | Marc Beck | Masters/PhD
Judged | The Kentucky Space student design team currently consists of students from six universities in Kentucky who are designing and building payloads for high altitude balloon projects and satellites for suborbital and orbital flights. The primary payload will be a system that will expose aerogel to the upper Earth atmosphere to collect comet dust a meteor shower. Additional payloads will consist of a repeater for mission communications, a camera for recording the aerogel experiment and instruments as flown on a previous mission. The Balloon is expected to reach an altitude of about 90,000 to 100,000 ft before it bursts and descends. |
| Multimodal Biometric Authentication System | Chase Childers
Vanessa Hicks Mark Hamilton | Undergraduate
Judged | Researching and Implementing a Multimodal biometric authentication system for real world usage. Using Fingerprints for Identification, Keyboard Dynamics for Active Authentication, and Facial Recognition for Re-authentication. The project idea is to see if an authentication system based on these three biometrics is plausible, reliable, implementable, and secure. |
| Reactions: Particle Simulator | Richard Rosenthal | Undergraduate
Judged | Reactions is a sandbox-style game/Physics simulation inspired by online “falling sand games.” In development for the last 3 years, it has more functionality than any other available particle simulation. It has dozens of elements the user can play with, and is a successful commercial product available for sale online at http://www.skullislandsoftware.com/. Over the years, I have developed and experimented with new graphics techniques and many different methods to improve efficiency. And as computers become more powerful, the potential for the program grows beyond simple games, and reaches toward complex real time physics analysis, more realistic than those available right now. |
| RepRap: Studies into Low Cost Manufacturing | Matthew Lichtenberger
Jesse Determann Chris Stucker Tyler Hall | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | The RepRap is a rapid prototyping machine that is open sourced, and extremely cheap to build. The ACM, in partnership with the CECS department, is building one of these devices for student use. |
| Using Retrieved Panels from DyKnow for Large Classes | Jared Hatfield | Undergraduate
Judged | Collecting paper in class problems has been part of the Speed School calculus classes for many years. After the school adopted a Tablet PC program, the Engineering Fundamentals began teaching with Tablet PCs and DyKnow. Recently instructors in the department wanted to move to an electronic in-class problem. Due to the large size of classes, manually reviewing and recording scores for in-class problems collected in DyKnow notebooks was too inefficient to be seriously considered. A tool, DyKnow Panel eXtractor, was created to solve this problem. DPX has made scoring of in-class problems much more efficient and manageable for large classes. |
Electrical and Computer Engineering
| Project Title | Names | Category | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3D Segmentation of Spine Bones for Osteoporosis Diagnosis | Melih Aslan | Masters/PhD
Judged | The bones are living tissues which constantly renew themselves with cells that build bone and cells that take away bone. Osteoporosis is a disease which causes the bones to weaken due to loss of calcium. 1 out of 2 women over 50 years old will suffer an osteoporosis related fracture. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed using Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and fracture Analysis (FA) of the spine bones. Our objective is to segment the spine bones successfully to be used in BMD and FA. This study will comprise 6500 subjects. Experiments on the data sets give encouraging results. |
| A New Approach to Unwrap a 3-D Fingerprint to a 2-D Rolled Equivalent Fingerprint | Sara Shafaei | Masters/PhD
Judged | For many years, fingerprints have been captured by pressing a finger against a paper or hard surface. This touchbased fingerprint acquisition introduces some problems such as distortions and deformations in the acquired images. A new touchless fingerprint technology has been recently introduced to the market, which can address the problems with the contact-based fingerprint systems, but the resulting image should be compatible with the conventional 2-D scans. Therefore, we propose a new algorithm for unwrapping the acquired 3-D scan of the subject’s finger into a 2-D rolled equivalent image. The algorithm is based on curvature analysis of the 3-D surface. |
| An Overview of Organic Solar Cells | Buddika Abeyweera
Hemant Shah Tanesh Bansal Kiran Medepalli Dr.Bruce Alphenaar | Masters/PhD
Judged | Due to rising fuel costs, solar cells have recently gained much attention as a possible clean alternative energy source. Organic polymer solar cells are of particular interest because of their relatively low manufacturing cost, and flexibility. Here, we describe a straightforward and low cost preparation technique that is able to reproducibly create efficient organic polymer solar cells with high yield. The polymer photovoltaic devices are made by spin casting an active layer of poly[2-methoxy-5-(3’,7’-dimethloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) combined with carbon buckyballs-(fullerene) [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM). The morphology of these devices is strongly dependent on annealing temperatures, spin speeds and concentrations of active materials. In this study, preparation techniques, parameters and measurement techniques are discussed. |
| Case-Based Detection of Masses in Mammograms | Jordan Malof | Masters/PhD
Judged | Breast Cancer remains a pervasive life-threatening illness, affecting people all over the world. A common procedure in the prevention and diagnosis of breast cancer involves taking X-Ray images of the breast (mammograms). Each of these large, detailed, mammograms is carefully scrutinized by a radiologist in an effort to spot masses. While extremely effective, this procedure is difficult, costly, and error-prone. I am involved in the R&D of software that automatically detects masses in mammograms using statistical measures and pattern recognition. Initial results indicate competitive specificity and sensitivity in detecting masses. |
| Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images | Mostafa Abdelrahman | Masters/PhD
Judged | This project proposes a change detection algorithm to detect changes in remote sensing images. The algorithm is based on four steps: First, multi-spectral scale-invariant feature transform (M-SIFT) is used to extract correspondence in the given data. (RANSAC) is used to remove the outliers. Second, the resulting inliers matched points is used to register the given images. Third, changes in registered images are identified using statistical analysis of images difference. Finally, Markov-Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) is used to model the spatial-contextual information in the resulting image. Experiments with synthetic , and LANDSAT5 Images, confirm the validity of the algorithm. |
| Comparison of myocardial motion estimation methods based on simulated echocardiographic B-mode and RF data | Vahid Tavakoli
Amir Amini | Masters/PhD
Judged | In this paper, we combine a ventricular kinematic model and an ultrasound simulation model in order to simulate the echocardiographic imaging process. In addition to its capability to generate raw RF data, when compared to previous echocardiography simulation models, the result achieves more realistic B-Mode images. Several echocardiography parameters were taken into account including central frequency, apodization, number of elements in the array, speed of sound, and number of scatterers. The proposed improvements are due to the use of a shift-variant Point Spread Function (PSF) and more accurate cardiac motion assumptions. One attribute of the simulator is also that it... |
| IEEE Solar Robot | William Li
James Willett | Masters/PhD
Judged | The goal of this project was to design a solar powered efficient robot that could perform low power computing. This technology can be used in the future to greatly reduce the amount of energy and effort required from conventional engines to run automobiles. Autonomous robotics is a relatively undiscovered field and our hope is that this project will help expand the use and development of autonomous robotics. |
| Face Recognition at-a-Distance using Texture, Dense- and Sparse-Stereo Reconstruction | Ham Rara
Shireen Elhabian | Masters/PhD
Judged | This paper introduces a framework for long-distance face recognition using dense and sparse stereo reconstruction, with texture of the facial region. Two methods to determine correspondences of the stereo pair are used in this paper: (a) dense global stereo-matching using maximum-a-posteriori Markov Random Fields (MAP-MRF) algorithms and (b) Active Appearance Model (AAM) fitting of both images of the stereo pair and using the fitted AAM mesh as the sparse correspondences. The cumulative rank curves (CMC), which are generated using the proposed framework, confirms the feasibility of the proposed work for long distance recognition of human faces. |
| Facial Recognition using Vascular Maps Created from Thermal Images | Travis Gault | Masters/PhD
Judged | This project explores a newer technology in facial recognition using thermal imaging. Instead of using typical recognition techniques, such as principle component analysis, linear discriminant analysis or correlation-based methods, facial thermograms are processed in such a way that the underlying facial vascular network is revealed. Vessel bifurcations are located and used in conjunction with fingerprint-matching techniques to identify subjects based on these revealed vascular networks. |
| Multi-Resolution- and Feature Analysis-Based Heart Rate Calculation from Long-Wave Infrared Video | Travis Gault | Masters/PhD
Judged | The past decade has brought about major advances in the healthcare monitoring technologies, some of which are be-coming minimally-, or non-invasive while monitoring a pa-tient’s physiological state. This work advances the field by creating a method that non-invasively measures a patient’s heart rate based on a small number of thermal video frames. Infrared videos of 30 subjects were recorded at two distances. Vascular mapping and multi-resolution analysis are used to calculate a subject’s heart rate with 512 IR video frames (17.07 seconds). This semi-automatic process is typically 89-99% accurate, with average accuracies at both distances at approximately 93%. |
| Thin Film Microelectrode Arrays for High Spatial Resolution Cardiac Mapping | Huihang Dong | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | This study presented the fabrication and characterization of thin film microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to acquire cardiac potentials with high spatial resolution (~75 μm) on the size scale of individual myocytes. The MEAs were fabricated using microfabrication techniques. The device was characterized by cyclic voltammograms, AC-impedances. Signal conditioning circuits consisting of instrumentation amplifier and cascaded high-pass and low-pass filters were designed, simulated and tested. A total of 4 flexible polyimide-based Ag/AgCl MEAs were successfully fabricated. The cyclic voltammetry and SL measurements matched the theoretically predicted values. The differences between amplified voltage determined by circuit simulation and measured experimentally were less than 5.6%. |
| Wireless SPI for Implantable Microsystems | Matthew Turner | Masters/PhD
Judged | A wireless microsystem is being developed for the monitoring and periodic recording of pressure data. It is composed of three subsystems: a multi-chip-module (MCM), a loop antenna, and power supply. The MCM itself consists of three components: a custom mixed-signal ASIC, a commercial pressure sensor, and a commercial FRAM. The microsystem is capable of bi-directional communication via a novel wireless serial peripheral interface (wireless SPI). The impetus for the development of the microsystem is the continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients, with the aim of increasing patient compliance and improving treatment efficacy. |
Industrial Engineering
| Project Title | Names | Category | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|
| A Framework for Risk Assessment and Mitigation in the Supply Chain | Rajesh Hadavale | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | Intensive global competition has led to an increase in cost reduction maneuvers such as outsourcing, lean, and supply base rationalization. These trends have reduced costs; however, they have increased potential risks in the supply chain. A formal risk assessment is therefore necessary. This study involves formulation of a framework for risk assessment of inbound supply risk. The proposed framework offers an integrated approach for the group ranking problem and multi-criteria decision making to assess Inbound Supply Risk (SR). Implementation of this framework has been made using web technologies and is customizable to address specific business need. |
| Determining Actual Cost of Injuries in Work Place | Matt Stenger | Undergraduate
Judged | Most of the costs associated with an injury in the work place are hidden in indirect costs. The purpose of the research was to map out the actual costs encompassing three different types of injuries:
A basic process flowchart was created to determine the involvement of the major resources, people, costs and opportunity costs. The model can be used as a template for determining the exact costs for a specific company. A human resources manager would be able to make an informed decisions based on the costs for each option. Also, this would help a manager determine how much to invest in safety prevention programs or training. The majority of the nodes on the flow chart are associated with indirect costs. |
| Improving a Small Drink Service Facility through Block Diagramming: The Two Keys case study | Ashley Riley
Aldo McLean William Biles | Masters/PhD
Judged | This project looks at a small drink service facility handled by a single operator who must prepare 185 drinks in a 6 hour period. With that many drinks expected in addition to other service tasks the obvious solution of adding extra workers won’t work due to the space constraints in the working area. A solution should increase the speed and efficiency of the server to satisfy the total number drinks per hour. We accomplished this by using Block Diagramming which finds efficient locations for bottles based upon minimizing the non-adjacent movements. The solution is easy to implement giving efficient results. |
| Integrated Production-Inventory-Distribution Optimization | Xu Yang | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | We propose an integrated distribution model by simultaneously considering production, inventory and distribution in an integrated fashion. An industrial size problem (22 manufacturing plants, 7 distribution centers, 8 customer zones, 9 product types, 16 inbound shipment carriers, 16 outbound shipment carriers and 12 time periods, totally 370,764 variables and 378,829 constraints) is tested by the improved algorithm with a running time less than 33 hours. |
| Polynomial approximation method for stochasitcs programming | Dongxue Ma | Masters/PhD
Exhibition | We solve the two stage stochastic programming by a novel approach. For most of two stage stochastic programming model instances, both objective function and constraints are convex but non-differentiable, e.g. piecewise-linear, and thereby solved by the first gradient-type methods. When encountering large scale problems, the performance of known methods, such as the stochastic decomposition (SD) and stochastic approximation (SA), become poor in practice. In this thesis, we replace the objective function and constraints with their polynomial approximations. Therefore, convex optimization techniques can be applied to large scale problems. |
| Preventive Maintenance and Replacement Scheduling: Models and Algorithms | Kamran Moghaddam | Masters/PhD
Judged | Preventive maintenance is a broad term that encompasses a set of activities aimed at improving the overall reliability and availability of a system. Preventive maintenance involves a basic trade-off between the costs of conducting maintenance and replacement activities and the cost savings achieved by reducing the overall rate of occurrence of system failures. The problem is to find the best sequence of maintenance actions for each component in the system in each period over a planning horizon such that overall costs are minimized subject to a constraint on reliability or the reliability of the system is maximized subject to a constraint on budget. |
| Runge-Kutta Analysis of Cedar Bog Lake | Jeff O'Dell | Undergraduate
Judged | Cedar Bog Lake, MN is has an ecosystem that is affected by global climate change. There are several characteristics of this ecosystem that are affected by one another and solar input such as carnivorous fish, herbivorous fish, energy loss, plant life, and sediment. This project used the Runge-Kutta method for analyzing differential equations simultaneously. From this data, we predicted how the ecosystem would react to acid rain, and global climate change throughout the next ten years. |
| Simulating the Effects of Communication between Doctors and Nurses on Wait Time in Emergency Departments: A Descriptive Study | Scott Hoover | Masters/PhD
Judged | This paper was written to provide literature concerning communication in emergency departments (EDs) and whether simulations have been created to model EDs based on wait time. First, literature about communication is examined with emphasis on three topics: health information exchange, computerized whiteboards, and doctor-nurse relations. Each topic has different variances in the effectiveness of communication in EDs. Next, literature is provided on simulation based on each models approach and effectiveness to predict different aspects. Finally, it was determined that though studies have examined communication and others have simulated different processes, none have attempted to simulate how communication effects patient wait time. |
Mechanical Engineering
| Project Title | Names | Category | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|
| Micro-gripper-Needle Project | Peng Xu | Masters/PhD
Judged | Our project is to make micro-gripper and grow nano-needle on top of micro-gripper. Basing on the photomechanical actuation of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), we can use laser stimulus to control the open/close status of nano-needle precisely in order to handle some small things, like small elements in living cell. In order to fabricate gripper-needle, we will use some CMOS compatible techniques, involving nanotube film forming, photolithography, plasma etching and dry release. |
